Congrats on your new Quaker, and welcome to the forum!!! Please never hesitate to ask any and all questions you may have...
First of all, 8 days is not long at all for him to have been in your house and with you, so he has yet to settle-in and feel comfortable in his new environment. This usually takes a good month or so for them to realize that this is their new home, their new people, etc. I don't know how old your Quaker is, or what his prior home-situation was like, but this is all new to him right now, they are very intelligent, and though it sounds very much like he was a hand-raised parrot and has had a lot of human-interaction, which is great, he still needs time to settle-in and feel comfortable in his new surroundings, and with his new routines..and with you!
Parrots are typically very protective of their cages, that is his "safe place", his home, and as such they tend to be very territorial and not like hands anywhere near their cages. So part of the reason he won't step-up for you when he's near/in/on his cage is due to him be territorial of his cage and not wanting your hands near it. Besides that, once again, he's only been with you for 8 days, and you've not earned his trust yet, which is typically step-one when taming/bonding with a bird. The fact that he's hand-tamed and allows you to pet him, and that he steps-up for you when he's away from his cage is going to make this process much, much easier for you than if he wasn't, so that's great...this is just going to be about time.
Once he settles-in and you start to earn his trust, and he starts bonding with you, then you can decide on different training techniques that you want to use, such as Target-Training or Clicker-Training. For now though, for the next couple of weeks, I'd concentrate on just spending time with him, talking to him, having him with you/on you when you're at home watching TV, reading, playing video games, etc. Eating your meals with him is another great way to start bonding with him. As far as getting him in and out of his cage, right now since he doesn't want your hands anywhere near his cage, try using a perch/wooden dowel, etc. to get him out/off of and away from his cage, and then also back inside his cage. Eventually, once you earn his trust and he bonds with you, he will most likely be more willing to go in and out of his cage for you, but don't be surprised if he never likes your hands inside of his cage, as that's not uncommon at all. Respect his space, and go at his pace with the bonding/training. Try to do all of your interacting with him away from his cage, as he's already willing to step-up for you once he's away from it, so that's awesome...
I think you will be fine, as it sounds like he's a very sweet, kind, loving Quaker, he's just not used to his new life yet. 8 days isn't very long to adjust to being up-rooted and put into an entirely new home with new people. Give him time, go at his pace, never force anything, and respect his cage as "his place". Spend as much time as you can with him every single day, and give him as much out-of-cage-time as you can every day. Figure out what his favorite treat is and use that ONLY as the reward he gets for going in and out of his cage on your finger, or stepping-up for you while he's standing on top of or inside of his cage...whenever he does this be sure to praise him a ton vocally and give him his favorite treat...positive reinforcement, never negative punishment with birds...
