To test a bird's wings to make sure they can't fly, I will (indoors) toss them onto a bed or couch, and see how far they go.
When I got Darcy his wings were clipped, but the woman who did it didn't know how to clip properly apparently, because I almost lost him when I took him outside. Lucky for me he did a U-turn, and came back to me. I promptly had him clipped by somebody more knowledgable, and now if he tries to fly outside (which is rare), he'll just flutter to the ground. You just have to re-check every now and then to make sure they don't need another clipping. Oh, and I would be extra careful and maybe not take them out at all if it is windy.
I'm not sure what you mean by "tacky" feathers. Are they pinfeathers? Google them if you're not sure what that means.
Does he seem scared or cold? Sometimes birds also quiver when they are happy. Look at his behavior and body language.