Only species that come to mind that fit your description and price range would be the poicephalus family, most common representative of the species are senegal parrots.
I would recommend caiques, however they are mostly out of your price range (I usually see them $600 and up). They have a *ton* of energy and a lot of personality in a tiny package! They aren't exactly very good "beginner birds" however, due to their constant need to be doing something.
Another option would be the pionus species, a little larger... however, these birds are laid back and more independent than the other two species.
After budgies, many people recommend cockatiels, pyrrhura conures (typcally green cheeks or maybe black caps) or maybe a larger conure such as a dusky, brown throat or similar "quiet" large conure.
Are there any rescues, bird clubs or breeders you could go visit and interact with the birds to perhaps find a bird suitable for you based on his/her personality and size?
Well, according to your description, a Senegal Parrot might just be the bird for you. Though, my Senegal, Oliver, isn't the easiest to handle, and he isn't all conure-type-OMG-I-WANNA-DO-WHAT YOU'RE-DOING!! type bird. But! Don't let that discourage you. Many Senegal owners would disagree and say their Senegal is the most playful bird ever! But, alas, Oliver is just a huge grouch, and that's JUST my bird. All birds are different with varied personalities.
He DOES have a big personality (he "burps" and "farts" and shreds paper and anything in his way), but he just totally HATES me. He LOVES LOVES LOVES my parents and all, just me he hates me in specific. =/. If you get a bird who loves you from the start, I bet you anything you and him will be best pals. No guarentees, though, hehe.
So, ya, I think the Senegal just might be the right bird for you- squared, short tail, big personality, 9-16 inches, could be in your price range (depending on the seller or breeder or rescue center), so... ya.
I hope I helped you, and not discouraged you!
i vote for african redbellied parrot. I have a 7 mo female and she is a doll, loves to be with you same family as tge senegal supposed to be the best talker of that family of parrots
I think maybe a conure, as they definitely have big bird syndrome. They think they are a cockatoo or a macaw even tho their pretty much the size of a cockatiel. The type of conure depends on how much time you spend at home, if you work from home maybe a green cheek or a dusky. Those are good birds who want to move up from a budgie or cockatiel. Even tho I go to schooling am willing to wake up at 6 to play with and change a sun conures cage , and spend as much time with it as I can. After I come home he never leaves my side until I go sleep. So I vote conure the price for a weaned baby green cheek is 300 to 500$ from a good breeder.
Jake YNA 1970,Kia Panama amazon1975, both i removed from nest and left siblings, Forever Home to,Stacie (YN hen),Mickie (RLA male),Blinkie (YNA hen),Kong (Panama hen),Rescue Zons;Nitro,Echo,Rocky,Rub
I'd go to some rescues and see what was there. I think a young hen amazon might work out good for you. Go see if there's any around that you "click" with. I'd use my head instead of my heart and not take on too big of a project. But you just might find a good match .Your desire to research your choice and ask advice show that you"d be a good parront.